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Ukuthathwa kwe-fluid kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokunciphisa amatye eentso eziphindaphindiweyo.Kukho umkhwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zokubeka iliso kwi-fluid intake usebenzisa "i-smart" iimveliso ezifana neebhotile ezihlakaniphile.Kukho iibhotile zomntwana ezininzi ezithengiswayo ezifumanekayo, ezijoliswe kakhulu. Abantu abadala abaqaphela impilo.Ngolwazi lwethu, ezi bhotile azizange ziqinisekiswe kwiincwadi.Olu phononongo luthelekisa ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweebhotile ezine ezithengiswayo ezithengiswayo.Iibhotile ziyi-H2OPal, i-HidrateSpark Steel, i-HidrateSpark 3 kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid.One. Ikhulu leziganeko zokungeniswa kwibhotile nganye zabhalwa kwaye zahlalutywa kwaye zithelekiswa nenyaniso yomhlaba efunyenwe kwizikali eziphakamileyo eziphezulu. Ixabiso leMPE kwiibhotile ze-HidrateSpark zaphuculwa ngakumbi kusetyenziswa uhlengahlengiso lomgca njengoko babenexabiso lempazamo elingaguqukiyo.I-Thermos Smart Lid yayiyeyona ichanekileyo, njengoko isivamvo singakhange sandise kuyo yonke indawo. ibhotile, ebangela ukuba iirekhodi ezininzi zilahleke.
Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuyingxaki enzima kakhulu kuba kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezimbi, kubandakanywa ukudideka, ukuwa, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nokufa.Ukulinganisela kokuthatha i-Fluid kubalulekile, ngakumbi kubantu abadala kunye nabantu abaneemeko zonyango eziphantsi ezichaphazela ukulawulwa kwamanzi.Izigulane ezisengozini yokuphindaphinda ukubunjwa kwamatye kucetyiswa ukuba kutye umthamo omkhulu wamanzi.Ngoko ke, ukubeka iliso kwi-fluid intake yindlela eluncedo yokumisela ukuba ukufakwa kwamanzi okwaneleyo kuthathwa1,2. Kukho iinzame ezininzi kwiincwadi zokudala iingxelo zeenkqubo okanye izixhobo ezinokukunceda ukulandelela kwaye ulawule ukungenisa kwamanzi.Ngelishwa, uninzi lwezi zifundo aluzange lubangele imveliso ekhoyo yorhwebo.Iibhotile kwiimarike zijolise ngokukodwa kubadlali bezemidlalo okanye abantu abadala abanomdla wezempilo abafuna ukongeza i-hydration.Kule nqaku, sijonge ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ziqhelekileyo. , Iibhotile zamanzi ezithengiswayo ezithengiswayo ziyisisombululo esisebenzayo kubaphandi kunye nezigulane.Sithelekisa iibhotile zamanzi ezine zorhwebo ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza.Iibhotile ziyi-HidrateSpark 34, i-HidrateSpark Steel5, i-H2O Pal6 kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid7 njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Ezi bhotile zikhethwe ngenxa yokuba zezinye zeebhotile ezine kuphela ezithandwayo ezi (1) ezifumanekayo ukuze zithengwe eKhanada kwaye (2) zinedatha ye-sip yevolumu efumaneka kwi-app yeselula.
Imifanekiso yeebhotile zorhwebo ezihlalutyiweyo: (a) HidrateSpark 34, (b) HidrateSpark Steel5, (c) H2OPal6, (d) Thermos Smart Lid7.Ibhokisi edayiweyo ebomvu ibonisa indawo yenzwa.
Kwiibhotile ezingentla, kuphela iinguqulelo zangaphambili ze-HidrateSpark eziye zaqinisekiswa kuphando8.Uphononongo lufumene ukuba ibhotile ye-HidrateSpark ichanekile ngaphakathi kwe-3% yokulinganisa ukuthathwa okupheleleyo kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 zokuthatha ulwelo.I-HidrateSpark nayo isetyenziswe kwizifundo zonyango. ukubeka iliso kwizigulane ezineentso zamatye9.Ukusukela ngoko, i-HidrateSpark iye yavelisa iibhotile ezintsha ezinezinzwa ezahlukeneyo.I-H2OPal isetyenziswe kwezinye izifundo ukulandelela kunye nokukhuthaza ukufakwa kwamanzi, kodwa akukho zifundo ezithile eziye zaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo2,10.Pletcher et al. Iimpawu ze-geriatric kunye nolwazi olukhoyo kwi-intanethi luthelekiswe kwiibhotile ezininzi zorhwebo, kodwa azizange zenze naluphi na ukuqinisekiswa kokuchaneka kwazo11.
Zonke iibhotile ezine zorhwebo ziquka i-app yobunikazi yamahhala yokubonisa nokugcina iziganeko zokungeniswa ezithunyelwa ngeBluetooth.I-HidrateSpark 3 kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid zinenzwa phakathi kwebhotile, mhlawumbi zisebenzisa i-sensor capacitive, ngelixa i-HidrateSpark Steel kunye ne-H2Opal ine-sensor phakathi kwebhotile. inzwa ephantsi, usebenzisa umthwalo okanye uxinzelelo lwenzwa.Indawo yenzwa iboniswa kwibhokisi ebomvu edayiweyo kwi-Figure 1.Kwi-Thermos Smart Lid, inzwa ayikwazi ukufikelela phantsi kwesitya.
Ibhotile nganye ivavanywa kwizigaba ezibini: (1) isigaba sokufunxa esilawulwayo kunye (2) nesigaba sokuphila ngokukhululekileyo. Kuzo zombini izigaba, iziphumo ezirekhodwe yibhotile (efunyenwe kwi-app yeselula yemveliso esetyenziswe kwi-Android 11) yafaniswa nayo. Inyaniso esisiseko efunyenwe kusetyenziswa isikali se-5 kg (i-Starfrit Electronic Kitchen Scale 93756).Zonke iibhotile zilinganiswe phambi kokuba idatha iqokelelwe kusetyenziswa i-app.KwiSigaba soku-1, iisayizi zencindi ukusuka kwi-10mL ukuya kwi-100mL ye-10mL ukuya kwi-100mL ziye zalinganiswa ngokungacwangciswanga. umyalelo, imilinganiselo emi-5 nganye, kwimilinganiselo ye-50 kwi-vial nganye. Ezi ziganeko azikho iziganeko zokusela ngokwenene ebantwini, kodwa zithululwa ukuze umthamo we-sip nganye ulawuleke ngcono. Kweli nqanaba, phinda uhlaziye ibhotile ukuba impazamo ye-sip inkulu kune-50 mL, kwaye uphinde udibanise ukuba i-app ilahlekelwa uxhulumaniso lwebluetooth kwibhotile.Ngexesha lesigaba sobomi obukhululekile, umsebenzisi usela amanzi ngokukhululekile kwibhotile emini, kwaye bakhetha i-sips ezahlukeneyo.Esi sigaba ikwabandakanya i-sips ye-50 ngexesha, kodwa ayizizo zonke ngokulandelelana.Ngoko ke, ibhotile nganye inedathasethi yemilinganiselo ye-100.
Ukugqiba umthamo opheleleyo we-fluid kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwemihla ngemihla ngokufanelekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ube nemilinganiselo echanekileyo yokuthatha umthamo we-volumetric yonke imini (iiyure ezingama-24) kunokuba yonke i-sip.Nangona kunjalo, ukuchonga iimpawu zokungenelela ngokukhawuleza, i-sip nganye kufuneka ibe nephutha eliphantsi, njengoko kwenziwa kwisifundo sikaConroy et al. 2 .Ukuba i-sip ayibhalwanga okanye irekhodwe kakubi, kubalulekile ukuba ibhotile inokulinganisela ivolumu kwirekhodi elandelayo. Ngoko ke, impazamo (ivolumu elinganisiweyo - umthamo wangempela) ilungiswa ngesandla. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ukuba isifundo sisele i-10 i-mL kunye nebhotile zichaze i-0 mL, kodwa emva koko isifundo sisele i-20 mL kwaye ibhotile ichaze i-30 mL iyonke, impazamo elungisiweyo iya kuba yi-0 mL.
Itheyibhile 1 idwelisa iimetrics ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwibhotile nganye ethathela ingqalelo izigaba ezibini (100 sips).Impazamo yepesenti ephakathi (MPE) ngokurhabula, ithetha impazamo epheleleyo (MAE) ngokurhabula ngakunye, kunye neMPE eyongezelekayo zibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
apho \({S}_{act}^{i}\) kunye \({S}_{est}^{i}\) zezona kunye noqikelelo lothango lwe \({i}_{th}\ ) ukurhabula, kwaye \(n\) linani lilonke lokurhabula.\({C}_{act}^{k}\) kunye \({C}_{est}^{k}\) zimele ukuthathwa okuqokelelweyo yeyokugqibela \(k\) sips.I-Sip MPE ijonga imposiso yepesenti yokurhabula komntu ngamnye, ngelixa i-Cumulative MPE ijonga imposiso iyonke yepesenti ekuhambeni kwexesha.Ngokweziphumo ezikuluhlu loku-1, i-H2OPal inelona nani liphantsi iirekhodi ezilahlekileyo, i-MPE ye-Sip ephantsi, kunye ne-MPE ye-cumulative ephantsi.Impazamo yentsingiselo ingcono kune-metric absolute absolute (MAE) njenge-metric yothelekiso xa kumiselwa umthamo opheleleyo ekuhambeni kwexesha.Kuba ibonisa ukukwazi kwebhotile ukubuyisela kwimilinganiselo engalunganga ngaphezu ixesha ngelixa urekhoda imilinganiselo elandelayo.I-sip MAE ifakwe kwizicelo apho ukuchaneka kwe-sip nganye kubalulekile kuba ibala impazamo epheleleyo ye-sip nganye.Cumulative MPE iphinda ilinganise indlela imilinganiselo elungelelanisiweyo ngayo kwisigaba kwaye ayihlawulisi a I-single sip.Olunye uqwalaselo kukuba i-3 yeebhotile ze-4 zanciphisa umthamo wokungenisa umthamo ngomlomo ngamnye oboniswe kwiThebhile 1 ngamanani angenayo.
I-R-squared Pearson coefficients coefficients yazo zonke iibhotile zibonakaliswe kwiThebhile 1. I-HidrateSpark 3 inikeza i-coefficient ephezulu yokulungelelanisa. Nangona i-HidrateSpark 3 ineerekhodi ezingekhoyo, uninzi lwazo yimilomo emincinci (Isakhiwo seBland-Altman kuMfanekiso 2 sikwaqinisekisa ukuba i-HidrateSpark 3 inomda omncinci wesivumelwano (LoA) xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhotile ezintathu.LoA ihlalutya indlela amaxabiso okwenene kunye alinganisiweyo avumelana ngayo.Ngaphezu koko, phantse yonke imilinganiselo yayikwi Uluhlu lwe-LoA, oluqinisekisa ukuba le bhotile inika iziphumo ezihambelanayo, njengoko kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2c. Nangona kunjalo, amanani amaninzi angaphantsi kwe-zero, oku kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu be-sip buhlala bungaphantsi.Kuyafana nakwi-HidrateSpark Steel kuMfanekiso 2b, apho uninzi lweempazamo zexabiso libi.Ngoko ke, ezi bhotile zimbini zibonelela nge-MPE ephezulu kunye ne-MPE eyongezelelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-H2Opal kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid, ngeempazamo ezisasazwa ngasentla nangaphantsi kwe-0, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Fig. 2a, d.
Bland-Altman iiploti ze (a) H2OPal, (b) HidrateSpark Steel, (c) HidrateSpark 3 kunye (d) Thermos Smart Lid.Umgca odayiweyo umele ikhefu lokuzithemba elijikeleze umyinge, obalwa ukusuka ekutenxekeni okusemgangathweni kwiThebhile yoku-1.
I-HidrateSpark Steel kunye ne-H2OPal bezinemigangatho efanayo yokutenxa kwe-20.04 mL kunye ne-21.41 mL, ngokulandelelana. Ngaphandle kommandla we-LoA.Umgangatho ophezulu wokutenxa kwi-Thermos Smart Lid yayingu-35.42 mL, kwaye ngaphezu kwe-10% yemilinganiselo yayingaphandle kwendawo ye-LoA eboniswe kuMzobo 2d. I-MPE, nangona ineerekhodi ezilahlekileyo kunye neyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokuphambuka.I-Thermos SmartLid ineerekhodi ezininzi ezilahlekileyo ngenxa yokuba i-sensor straw ayidluli ukuya ngaphantsi kwesitya, ibangela ukurekhodwa okulahlekileyo xa umxholo we-liquid ungaphantsi kwentonga yenzwa ( ~80 mL).Oku kufuneka kukhokhelele ekujongeni ngaphantsi kokuthatha ulwelo; nangona kunjalo, i-Thermos yayikuphela kwebhotile ene-MPE kunye ne-Sip Mean Error, ethetha ukuba ibhotile i-overestimated fluid intake.Ke, isizathu sokuba i-avareji ye-Thermos'impazamo ye-sip iphantsi kakhulu kukuba umlinganiselo uqikelelwe kakhulu malunga nebhotile nganye. i-avareji, kubandakanywa ii-sips ezininzi eziphosiweyo ezingabhalwanga konke konke (okanye "kungacingelwanga"), umphumo oqhelekileyo ulungelelaniswa.Xa ungabandakanyi iirekhodi eziphosiweyo ekubaleni, i-Sip Mean Error yaba yi-+10.38 mL, eqinisekisa ukuqikelelwa okukhulu kwe-sip enye. .Nangona oku kungabonakala kukuhle, ibhotile ayichanekanga ngokwenene kuqikelelo lwe-sip nganye kwaye ayithembeki ngenxa yokuba iphosa iziganeko ezininzi zokusela.Ngaphezu koko, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 2d, i-Thermos SmartLid ibonakala inyusa impazamo ngokunyuka kwe-sip size.
Kuzo zonke, i-H2OPal yayiyeyona nto ichanekileyo ekuqikeleleni i-sips ngexesha, kunye nendlela ethembekileyo yokulinganisa ukurekhoda okuninzi.I-Thermos Smart Lid yayiyona nto ichanekileyo kwaye ilahlekile i-sips ngaphezu kwezinye iibhotile.Ibhotile ye-HidrateSpark 3 yayinephutha elihambelanayo. amaxabiso, kodwa kujongelwe phantsi uninzi lwe-sips olukhokelele ekusebenzeni kakubi ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Kuvela ukuba ibhotile inokuba ne-offset ethile enokuthi ibuyekezwe ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm yokulinganisa.Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwibhotile ye-HidrateSpark, enomgangatho omncinci wokuphambuka kwempazamo kwaye ihlala ijongela phantsi i-sip.A little squares (LS) indlela isetyenziswe kunye nedatha yenqanaba loku-1 ngelixa ingabandakanyi naziphi na iirekhodi ezilahlekileyo zokufumana i-offset kunye nokufumana amaxabiso.I-equation eyaphumelayo isetyenziselwe i-sip intake elinganiswe kwinqanaba lesibini ukubala ixabiso langempela kunye nokumisela impazamo yokulinganisa.Itheyibhile 2 ibonisa ukuba ukulinganisa iphucule impazamo yeSip yeebhotile ezimbini zeHidrateSpark, kodwa hayi iH2OPal okanye iThermos Smart Lid.
Ngexesha leSigaba soku-1 apho zonke izilinganiso zenziwa khona, ibhotile nganye iphinda izaliswe ngamaxesha amaninzi, ngoko ke i-MAE ebalwayo inokuchaphazeleka kwinqanaba lokuzalisa ibhotile.Ukumisela oku, ibhotile nganye ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amathathu, aphezulu, aphakathi, kunye naphantsi, ngokusekelwe umthamo opheleleyo webhotile nganye.Kwimilinganiselo yeSigaba 1, uvavanyo lwe-ANOVA lwendlela enye lwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba amanqanaba ahluke kakhulu kwimpazamo epheleleyo.Kwi-HidrateSpark 3 kunye neNsimbi, iimpazamo kwiindidi ezintathu azifani kakhulu. Kwakukho umda ophawulekayo ophawulekayo (p Iimvavanyo ezimbini ze-t-tailed zenziwa ukuthelekisa inqanaba le-1 kunye nenqanaba le-2 iimpazamo kwibhotile nganye.Siphumelele p> 0.05 kuzo zonke iibhotile, oku kuthetha ukuba amaqela amabini awahluke kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, kwaphawulwa ukuba iibhotile ezimbini ze-HidrateSpark ilahlekelwe inani eliphezulu kakhulu lokurekhodwa kwinqanaba le-2. Kwi-H2OPal, inani leerekhodi eziphosiweyo liphantse lilingane (2 vs. 3), ngelixa i-Thermos SmartLid kukho iirekhodi ezimbalwa eziphosiweyo (6 vs. 10) .Njengoko iibhotile ze-HidrateSpark zazikho. zonke ziphuculwe emva kokulinganisa, uvavanyo lwe-t lwenziwa kwakhona emva kokulinganisa. Kwi-HidrateSpark 3, kukho umehluko omkhulu kwiimpazamo phakathi kweSigaba 1 kunye neSigaba 2 (p = 0.046) .Oku kunokwenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yenani eliphezulu leerekhodi ezingekhoyo. Kwinqanaba lesi-2 xa kuthelekiswa nenqanaba loku-1.
Eli candelo linika ingqiqo ekusebenziseni ibhotile kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kunye nolunye ulwazi olusebenzayo.Nangona ukuchaneka kwebhotile kubalulekile, into yokusetyenziswa nayo ibalulekile xa ukhetha ibhotile.
I-HidrateSpark 3 kunye ne-HidrateSpark Steel zixhotyiswe ngezibane ze-LED ezikhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuba basele amanzi ukuba abafikeleli kwiinjongo zabo njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, okanye badanyaze inani elithile lamaxesha ngemini (ebekwe ngumsebenzisi). ngalo lonke ixesha umsebenzisi esela.I-H2OPal kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid abanayo nayiphi na ingxelo ebonakalayo yokukhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuba basele amanzi.Nangona kunjalo, zonke iibhotile ezithengiweyo zinezaziso zeselula zokukhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuba basele ngokusebenzisa i-app yeselula.Inani lezaziso ngosuku lingaba eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kwi-HidrateSpark kunye nezicelo ze-H2OPal.
I-HidrateSpark 3 kunye ne-Steel zisebenzisa iindlela ezihambelanayo zokukhokela abasebenzisi xa besela amanzi kwaye banike injongo ephakanyisiweyo yeyure ukuba abasebenzisi babethe ekupheleni kosuku.I-H2OPal kunye ne-Thermos Smart Lid zibonelela kuphela injongo epheleleyo yemihla ngemihla.Kuzo zonke iibhotile, ukuba isixhobo ayidityaniswanga kwi-app ngebluetooth, idatha iya kugcinwa kwindawo kwaye ivumelaniswe emva kokubhanqa.
Akukho nanye kwiibhotile ezine ezigxininise kwi-hydration kubantu abadala.Ukongezelela, iifomyula ezisetyenziselwa iibhotile zokumisela iinjongo zokuthatha imihla ngemihla azifumaneki, okwenza kube nzima ukugqiba ukuba ngaba zifanelekile kubantu abadala.Ininzi yezi bhotile zikhulu kwaye zinzima kwaye azikho. elungiselelwe abantu abadala.Ukusetyenziswa kwee-apps eziphathwayo zisenokungalungelanga abantu abadala, nangona kunokuba luncedo kubaphandi ukuba baqokelele idatha bekude.
Zonke iibhotile azikwazi ukugqiba ukuba i-liquid idliwe, ilahliwe okanye ichithekile.Zonke iibhotile nazo kufuneka zibekwe phezu komhlaba emva kwe-sep nganye ukurekhoda ngokuchanekileyo ukungenisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphuzo zingaphoswa ukuba ibhotile ayibekwanga phantsi, ngakumbi xa ukugcwalisa kwakhona.
Omnye umda kukuba isixhobo kufuneka sidityaniswe ngamaxesha athile kunye ne-app ukuvumelanisa idatha.I-Thermos kwakufuneka idityaniswe rhoqo xa i-app ivulwa, kwaye ibhotile ye-HidrateSpark ihlala inzima ukufumana uxhumano lweBluetooth.H2OPal ilula kakhulu. ukuphinda udibanise ne-app ukuba uqhagamshelwano lulahlekile.Zonke iibhotile zilinganiswe phambi kokuba kuqale uvavanyo kwaye kufuneka zihlaziywe kanye ngexesha lenkqubo.Ibhotile ye-HidrateSpark kunye ne-H2OPal kufuneka zikhutshwe kwaye zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuze zilinganiswe.
Zonke iibhotile azinakho ukhetho lokukhuphela okanye ukugcina idatha ixesha elide.Kwakhona, akukho namnye kubo onokufumaneka nge-API.
I-HidrateSpark 3 kunye ne-H2OPal zisebenzisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ezitshintshayo, i-HidrateSpark Steel kunye ne-Thermos SmartLid zisebenzisa iibhetri ezitshajwayo.Njengoko kuchazwe ngumenzi, ibhetri ehlaziywayo kufuneka ihlale ukuya kwiiveki ze-2 ngentlawulo epheleleyo, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ihlaziywe phantse ngeveki xa usebenzisa. i-Thermos SmartLid kakhulu.Lo ngumda njengoko abantu abaninzi bengayi kukhumbula ukuyihlaziya ibhotile rhoqo.
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukhetho lwebhotile ehlakaniphile, ngakumbi xa umsebenzisi engumntu osekhulile.Ubunzima kunye nomthamo webhotile yinto ebalulekileyo njengoko kufuneka kube lula ukuyisebenzisa ngabantu abadala ababuthathaka.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe. Ngaphambili, ezi bhotile azilungiselelwe abantu abadala.Ixabiso kunye nobungakanani bolwelo kwibhotile enye enye into.Itheyibhile 3 ibonisa ukuphakama, ubunzima, umthamo wolwelo kunye nexabiso lebhotile nganye.I-Thermos Smart Lid yeyona nto iphantsi kwaye ilula njengoko injalo. yenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngeplastiki ekhaphukhaphu.Ikwaphethe ulwelo oluninzi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iibhotile ezintathu.Ngokuchaseneyo, i-H2OPal yayiyeyona inde, inzima kwaye ibiza kakhulu kwiibhotile zophando.
Iibhotile ze-smart ezikhoyo ezithengiswayo ziluncedo kubaphandi kuba akukho mfuneko yokubonisa izixhobo ezitsha.Nangona kukho iibhotile zamanzi ezininzi ezikhoyo, eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukuba abasebenzisi abanakho ukufikelela kwidatha okanye imiqondiso ekrwada, kwaye kuphela ezinye iziphumo ezikhoyo. iboniswe kwi-app yeselula.Kukho isidingo sokuphuhlisa ibhotile ehlakaniphile esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nedatha efikeleleke ngokupheleleyo, ngokukodwa enye elungiselelwe abantu abadala.Ngaphandle kweebhotile ezine ezivavanyiweyo, i-H2OPal ngaphandle kwebhokisi yayine-MPE ephantsi ye-Sip, I-MPE eyongeziweyo, kunye nenani lokurekhodwa okuphosiweyo.I-HidrateSpark 3 inomgca ophezulu, ukutenxa komgangatho omncinci kunye neyona nto iphantsi ye-MAE.HidrateSpark Steel kunye ne-HidrateSpark 3 inokulinganiswa ngesandla ukunciphisa i-Sip mean impazamo usebenzisa indlela ye-LS.Ukufumana ukurekhoda okuchaneke ngakumbi kwe-sip, i-HidrateSpark 3 yibhotile ekhethiweyo, ngelixa imilinganiselo ehambelanayo ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-H2OPal yinto yokuqala yokukhetha.I-Thermos SmartLid yayinokusebenza okuncinci okuthembekileyo, yayine-sips ephosiweyo kakhulu, kunye ne-overestimated sips ngabanye.
Uphononongo alukho ngaphandle kwemida.Kwiimeko zehlabathi lokwenyani, abasebenzisi abaninzi baya kusela kwezinye izikhongozeli, ngakumbi ulwelo olushushu, iziselo ezithengiweyo evenkileni, kunye notywala.Umsebenzi wexesha elizayo kufuneka uvavanye ukuba ifom yebhotile nganye ichaphazela njani iimpazamo ukukhokela uyilo lwebhotile yamanzi. .
Rule, AD, Lieske, JC & Pais, VM Jr. 2020. Ulawulo lwamatye ezintso.JAMA 323, 1961–1962.https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.0662 (2020).
I-Conroy, DE, West, AB, Brunke-Reese, D., Thomaz, E. & Streeper, NM Ukungenelela okuguquguqukayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwizigulane ezinamatye ezintso.Health Psychology.39, 1062 (2020).
Cohen, R., Fernie, G., kunye noRoshan Fekr, A. Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso kwi-Fluid kubantu abadala: uphononongo loncwadi.I-Nutrients 13, 2092. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13062092 (2021).
Inc, H. HidrateSpark 3 Ibhotile yaManzi eSmart kunye ne-App ye-Hydration Tracker yasimahla – Emnyama https://hidratespark.com/products/black-hidrate-spark-3. Ifikeleleke nge-21 ka-Epreli 2021.
I-HidrateSpark STEEL Ibhotile yaManzi eNgenaNsimbi eNgatyiwayo kunye ne-App-Hidrate Inc. https://hidratespark.com/products/hidratespark-steel.Ifike nge-21 ka-Epreli ngo-2021.
I-Thermos® iQhagamshelwe kwiBhotile yokuHyilela nge-Smart Cap.https://www.thermos.com/smartlid.Ifikeleleke nge-9 kaNovemba ka-2020.
I-Borofsky, MS, Dauw, CA, York, N., Terry, C. & Lingeman, JE Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa umthamo wamanzi wemihla ngemihla usebenzisa ibhotile yamanzi "ehlakaniphile".Urolithiasis 46, 343-348.https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00240-017-1006-x (2018).
Bernard, J., Ingoma, L., Henderson, B. & Tasian, GE. Umbutho phakathi kokuthathwa kwamanzi kwansuku zonke kunye neeyure ezingama-24 zokukhutshwa komchamo kulutsha olunamatye ezintso.Urology 140, 150-154.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2020.01.024 (2020).
Fallmann, S., Psychoula, I., Chen, L., Chen, F., Doyle, J., Triboan, D. Inyani kunye nombono: Ukubeka iliso komsebenzi kunye nokuqokelela idatha kumakhaya ahlakaniphile emhlabeni. Kwi-2017 IEEE SmartWorld IiNgqungquthela zeNgqungquthela, i-Intelligence ye-Ubiquitous kunye ne-Computing, i-Computing ePhambili kunye neThenjiweyo, i-Computing ye-Scalable kunye noNxibelelwano, i-Cloud kunye ne-Big Data Computing, i-Intanethi yabantu kunye ne-Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI), 1-6 (IEEE, 2017).
Pletcher, DA et al.Igajethi yokusela amanzi edibeneyo eyenzelwe abantu abadala kunye nezigulane ze-Alzheimer. Kwityala kwicala lomntu we-IT kubantu abadala.Imidiya yoluntu, iMidlalo, kunye neeNdawo eziNcedayo (eds Zhou, J. & Salvendy, G.) 444–463 (uPapasho lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lwaseSpringer, 2019).
Lo msebenzi uxhaswe yiCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) iSibonelelo seSiseko (FDN-148450) .UDkt. UFernie wafumana inkxaso-mali njengoSihlalo weCreaghan woKhuselo lweNtsapho kunye neTeknoloji yezoNyango.
I-Kite Institute, i-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - i-University Health Network, eToronto, eCanada
Conceptualization – RC; Indlela yokusebenza - RC, AR; Ukubhala - Ukulungiswa Kwemibhalo-ngqangi - RC, AR; Ukubhala – Ukuphonononga nokuHlela, GF, AR; Ukongamela – AR, GF Bonke ababhali bafundile kwaye bayavumelana nenguqulelo epapashiweyo yombhalo-ngqangi.
I-Springer Nature ihlala ingathathi hlangothi ngokubhekiselele kumabango olawulo lweemephu ezipapashiweyo kunye nokuzibandakanya kwamaziko.
Vula Ukufikelela Eli nqaku linikwe ilayisenisi phantsi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, evumela ukusetyenziswa, ukwabelana, ukulungelelanisa, ukuhanjiswa, kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kuyo nayiphi na indlela okanye ifomathi, ukuba unika ikhredithi efanelekileyo kumbhali wokuqala kunye nomthombo, ukubonelela ngelayisensi ye-Creative Commons. , kwaye ubonise ukuba ngaba utshintsho lwenziwe.Imifanekiso okanye ezinye izinto zomntu wesithathu kweli nqaku zifakwe phantsi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons yenqaku, ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela kwiikhredithi zezinto eziphathekayo. Ilayisensi yenqaku kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakho akuvunyelwanga ngumthetho okanye ummiselo okanye ukugqithisa kuvunyelwe, kuya kufuneka ufumane imvume ngqo kumnini welungelo lokukhuphela. Ukujonga ikopi yeli phepha-mvume, tyelela http://creativecommons.org/licenses /nge/4.0/.
Cohen, R., Fernie, G., kunye noRoshan Fekr, A. Ukubeka iliso ekuthathweni kolwelo kwiibhotile zamanzi ezifumaneka ngokurhweba.Science Rep 12, 4402 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08335 -5
Ngokufaka uluvo, uyavuma ukuthobela iMigaqo yethu kunye neziKhokelo zoLuntu.Ukuba ubona umxholo oxhaphazayo okanye umxholo ongahambelaniyo nemigaqo okanye izikhokelo zethu, nceda uphawule njengento engafanelekanga.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2022
